The interconnection via the internet of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data.

Water hammer is a pressure surge that occurs in a plumbing system when the flow velocity of water changes rapidly. It’s also known as hydraulic shock. The pressure increase is often caused by suddenly closing a valve, faucet, or water appliance. As the water changes direction, it slams into the closed valve or pipe walls, creating a hydraulic shock wave reverberating through the pipeline. This can cause a loud pounding noise, which is where the term “water hammer” comes from.